Premier General Health Profile

The adjusted calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in your body after taking into account the levels of albumin, a protein in your blood. This test is used to determine if your body has the right amount of calcium, which is important for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves.

Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, so having the right balance is important for overall health. If your calcium levels are too high or too low, it can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone pain.

The adjusted calcium test helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer that can affect calcium levels. It can also help determine if a person is at risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones.

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Creatine Kinase (CK) is a test that measures the levels of an enzyme called creatine kinase in your blood. This enzyme is found in various tissues of your body, especially in your muscles and heart. The CK test is commonly used to assess muscle damage or injury.

When your muscles are injured or damaged, such as during a heart attack or strenuous exercise, CK is released into your bloodstream. Measuring the levels of CK can determine the extent of muscle damage and monitor your recovery.

The CK test is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions like heart attacks, muscle disorders, and certain types of muscular dystrophy. It can also help identify if muscle pain or weakness is due to overexertion or a more serious underlying condition.

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The ALT test, also known as Alanine Aminotransferase test, is a blood test that helps to evaluate the health of your liver. The liver is an important organ that performs various functions in your body, such as filtering toxins, producing bile for digestion, and storing vitamins and minerals.

The ALT test measures the levels of an enzyme called alanine aminotransferase in your blood. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, it releases this enzyme into the bloodstream. Therefore, the ALT test can indicate if there is any liver damage or disease present.

High levels of ALT may suggest liver conditions like hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), or fatty liver disease. It can also be a sign of certain medications or alcohol abuse affecting the liver.

Detecting abnormal ALT levels can help diagnose liver problems early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention of further damage.

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Albumin is a test that measures the level of a protein called albumin in your blood. Albumin is an important protein that helps carry various substances, such as hormones, vitamins, and medications, throughout your body. This test is commonly used to assess the health of your liver and kidneys.

When your liver or kidneys are not functioning properly, the level of albumin in your blood may decrease. Low levels of albumin can indicate liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, or inflammation in the body. It can also be a sign of a chronic condition, such as diabetes or heart failure.

Measuring the albumin level can give valuable insights into your overall health and identify any underlying conditions that may need further evaluation or treatment. This test is usually performed as part of a routine check-up or if you are experiencing symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.

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The Alkaline Phosphatase test is a blood test that measures the levels of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your body. This enzyme is found in various tissues, such as the liver, bones, and intestines.

The test is usually ordered to help diagnose and monitor certain health conditions. For example, it can help detect liver or bone diseases, such as hepatitis or osteoporosis. It can also be used to check the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.

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 This test measures the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST), an enzyme found primarily in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, to help diagnose and monitor liver damage or disease, heart injury, and muscle disorders.

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The Gamma GT test is a blood test that measures the levels of an enzyme called Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) in your body. This test is commonly used to check the health of your liver and to detect any potential liver damage or disease.

The liver is an important organ that helps filter out toxins and waste from your body. GGT is an enzyme that is mainly found in the liver, but it is also present in other organs like the pancreas and kidneys. When the liver is damaged or not functioning properly, the levels of GGT in the blood can increase.

By measuring the levels of GGT, doctors can get an idea of how well your liver is working. High levels of GGT may indicate liver problems such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or alcohol abuse. It can also be a sign of other health conditions like diabetes or heart disease.

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The Globulin test is a blood test that measures the levels of a specific type of protein called globulin in your body. Globulins are an important part of your immune system and help fight off infections and diseases. This test is usually done to check if your immune system is functioning properly and to diagnose certain medical conditions.

High levels of globulin may indicate an infection, chronic inflammation, or an autoimmune disorder. On the other hand, low levels of globulin may suggest a liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or a problem with your immune system.

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Total Protein is the total amount of two proteins found in the serum of the blood, these are albumin and globulin. Albumin is needed to keep fluid in the bloodstream whereas globulin is an essential part of the immune system. Total protein tests are used as an indicator to there being a problem with albumin or globulin levels.

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Basophils are one of the several kinds of white blood cells you have in your body. Basophils are a part of your immune system and are created inside of your bone marrow.

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This is a laboratory calculation based on the number of Basolphils in comparison with other types of white blood cells.

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Eosinophils are a kind of white blood cell that helps fight disease. Eosinophils do two important things in your immune system: curb infections and boost inflammation, which can help you fight off a disease.

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This is a laboratory calculation based on the number of Eosinophils.

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A haematocrit test is a common blood test that measures the proportion of red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood. Haematocrit is expressed as a percentage or ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. 

This test is a key component of a complete blood count (CBC) and provides valuable information about your overall health and can help diagnose various conditions.

Purpose and Significance of Haematocrit Test:

1. Assessing Blood Volume and Concentration: Haematocrit levels indicate the concentration of red blood cells in the blood, which is crucial for delivering oxygen throughout the body.
2. Diagnosing Anaemia: Low haematocrit values can suggest anaemia, a condition where you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. There are many types of anaemia, and hematocrit can help in identifying them.
3. Identifying Polycythaemia: High haematocrit levels may indicate polycythemia, a condition where the body produces too many red blood cells, which can thicken the blood and increase the risk of clotting.
4. Monitoring Medical Conditions: Haematocrit is used to monitor conditions that affect blood volume or red blood cell levels, including chronic kidney disease, heart disease, and bone marrow disorders.
5. Guiding Treatment: The test helps in managing conditions that affect hydration levels and red blood cell count. It also helps evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for conditions like anemia and polycythemia.
6. Checking Overall Health: A haematocrit test is often part of routine health examinations to provide a general status check on a person’s health.

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Haemoglobin is a test that measures the amount of a protein called haemoglobin in your blood. 

Haemoglobin is a vital component of red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.

This test is commonly used to check for conditions like anaemia, which is a condition where there is a low level of haemoglobin in the blood.

By measuring the haemoglobin level, you can determine if you have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen effectively. 

If your haemoglobin level is too low, it may indicate that you have anaemia, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. On the other hand, if your haemoglobin level is too high, it may suggest a condition called polycythaemia, which can lead to thickening of the blood and increase the risk of blood clots.

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Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. They’re an important part of your immune system. 

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This is a laboratory calculation based on the number of Lymphocytes.

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Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is a blood test measurement that shows the average concentration of haemoglobin in your red blood cells. Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. MCHC helps determine how much haemoglobin each red blood cell has relative to its size. If the MCHC is low, it suggests the cells don't have enough haemoglobin, which can indicate types of anaemia. 

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The Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) is a blood test that measures the average amount of haemoglobin in your red blood cells. Haemoglobin is the protein in your blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of your body. Checking the MCH helps doctors see if you have different types of anaemia or other health issues. For example, a low MCH could mean you have iron deficiency anaemia, while a high MCH might indicate vitamin B12 deficiency. Understanding these levels helps in diagnosing conditions and deciding on the best treatment plan.

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The Mean Cell Volume (MCV) test is a blood test that measures the average size of your red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body, so it's important that they are the right size to do their job effectively.

If your MCV is too high, it means your red blood cells are larger than normal, which can be a sign of certain types of anaemia or other health conditions. If your MCV is too low, it means your red blood cells are smaller than normal, which can also be a sign of anaemia or other health issues.

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Monocytes are a type of white blood cell in your immune system. Monocytes turn into macrophage or dendritic cells when an invading germ or bacteria enters your body. The cells either kill the invader or alert other blood cells to help destroy it and prevent infection.

High monocyte counts can indicate infections, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, or blood disorders like leukemia. Low counts might suggest a problem with bone marrow or the effect of certain treatments. 

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This measures what proportion of your total white blood cells are monocytes. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in your body's immune system by fighting off infections and helping in the removal of dead or damaged tissue. The percentage is calculated based on the overall count of white blood cells, helping to provide insight into your immune system's health and activity.

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Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They make up the biggest number of all kinds of white blood cells and they play a crucial role in fighting infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.They kill and digest these pathogens to help your body fight infections and heal wounds. 

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This is a laboratory calculation based on the number of neutrophils in proportion to the other white cells in your blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They make up the biggest number of all kinds of white blood cells and they play a crucial role in fighting infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.They kill and digest these pathogens to help your body fight infections and heal wounds. 

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Platelets are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding. If you cut yourself, it’s the platelets that rush to the site of the injury and help seal the wound by forming a blood clot.

This test is crucial because having either too many or too few platelets can indicate a range of health issues. 

Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) can lead to excessive bleeding and bruising, showing that even minor injuries might cause serious bleeding. 

On the other hand, too many platelets (thrombocytosis) can lead to blood clots in your veins or arteries, which can cause strokes or heart attacks.

Doctors order platelet tests to monitor general health, diagnose diseases, or check the effectiveness of some treatments. It’s commonly performed if you have unexplained bruising or bleeding, are showing signs of an infection, or as part of routine health screenings.

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A red blood cell (RBC) count is a blood test that tells you how many red blood cells you have.

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White Cell Count measures the number of white cells in your blood.

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Creatinine is a test that measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood. Creatinine is produced by your muscles and is normally filtered out of your body by your kidneys. This test helps to evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they efficiently remove creatinine from your blood. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, the level of creatinine in your blood can increase. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney damage or disease.

This test is often ordered if you have symptoms of kidney problems, such as frequent urination, swelling in your legs or feet, or changes in urine color. It is also used to monitor the progression of kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages for certain conditions.

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The eGFR test, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate test, is a crucial laboratory measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood and removing waste products. Here's a deeper look into what eGFR signifies and why it is so important:

What is eGFR?

eGFR is calculated from the blood level of creatinine along with other variables such as age, sex, and body size. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

Why is the eGFR Test Used?

1. Detecting Kidney Disease: eGFR is primarily used to screen for and monitor kidney disease. Healthy kidneys effectively filter blood, but damaged kidneys may not perform as well, leading to a lower eGFR.
2. Monitoring Kidney Disease Progression: For patients already diagnosed with kidney disease, regular eGFR tests help monitor the disease's progression. Changes in eGFR over time can indicate whether the kidney function is stable, improving, or worsening.
3. Guiding Treatment: Kidney function, as measured by eGFR, influences decisions about medication dosages and other treatments. Some drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, and reduced kidney function can affect how drugs are dosed and administered.
4. Evaluating Risk: A low eGFR indicates poor kidney function and can be associated with an increased risk of other complications like cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

How is eGFR Calculated?

The eGFR is typically calculated using the creatinine level along with formulas such as the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation or the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. These formulas adjust for factors like age, sex, race, and body size to provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function.

Interpretation of eGFR Results

• Normal Range: Generally, a normal eGFR value is above 90 mL/min/1.73m², indicating good kidney function.
• Mild to Moderate Decrease: An eGFR between 60 and 89 might suggest some kidney damage, particularly if other signs of kidney disease are present.
• Moderate to Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 60 may indicate chronic kidney disease.
• Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 30 suggests more serious kidney disease, potentially nearing kidney failure.
• Kidney Failure: An eGFR less than 15 typically indicates kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation for continued survival.

Regular monitoring of eGFR is essential for patients with known risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension.

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This test measures the level of HbA1c in the blood, which is a form of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose. It provides an indication of a person's average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

The test is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, as well as to assess how well diabetes is being managed. It can also be used to identify individuals at risk for diabetes or to monitor the effectiveness of diabetes treatment.

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The HDL Cholesterol test measures the level of a specific type of cholesterol in your blood called high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove harmful cholesterol from your arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease.

This test is important because having high levels of HDL cholesterol is beneficial for your heart health. It acts like a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol from your blood vessels and taking it back to the liver for processing and removal. This helps prevent the buildup of plaque in your arteries, which can lead to blockages and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

By measuring your HDL cholesterol levels, this test can provide valuable information about your heart health and help identify any potential risks. If your HDL cholesterol levels are low, it may indicate an increased risk of heart disease. On the other hand, if your HDL cholesterol levels are high, it suggests a lower risk of heart problems.

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The Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) test is a blood test that measures the amount of a specific type of cholesterol in your body. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is produced by your liver and is also found in certain foods. While some cholesterol is necessary for our bodies to function properly, too much LDL cholesterol can be harmful.

LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can build up in the walls of your arteries, leading to a condition called atherosclerosis. This can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

The LDL test helps to assess your risk of developing these conditions by measuring the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood. It is usually done as part of a lipid profile, which also includes measurements of other types of cholesterol.

Based on the results of the LDL test, your healthcare provider can determine if you have high levels of LDL cholesterol and if any lifestyle changes or medications are needed to lower it. It is important to maintain healthy levels of LDL cholesterol to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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The Total Cholesterol : HDL Ratio test measures the ratio between total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood. This ratio is used to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke.

In general, a higher ratio indicates a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, as it suggests higher levels of total cholesterol relative to HDL cholesterol. However, the interpretation of the ratio may vary depending on the individual's gender.

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Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

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